![clumped dispersio clumped dispersio](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/populationdynamicspresentation-130313073741-phpapp02/95/population-dynamics-presentation-6-638.jpg)
The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
![clumped dispersio clumped dispersio](http://www.zo.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/52.2a.jpg)
Excel (.xlsx) file with information provided on separate sheets for: year of origination of commons year of dissolution of commons lifespan of commons as a function of year of origin year of origin and death together with geographic coordinates of commons lifespan of commons as a function of the number and types of resources used changes in human population size over time and temporal changes (by 50-year intervals) in the number, density, dispersion and total area occupied by commons.įunding: Financial support was provided by the Riksbankens Jubileumsfond, project MIDI: Modelling institutional dynamics in historical commons ( ) and by Linnaeus University (to A.F.). Data on commons used for statistical analyses. The database is available at: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
![clumped dispersio clumped dispersio](https://www.quia.com/files/quia/users/lmcgee/ecology/dispersion-clumped.gif)
Introducing a new methodology for the analysis of historical commons. De Moor T., Laborda-Pem´an M., Lana-Berasain J.M., van Weeren R., Winchester A. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.ĭata Availability: Results are based on analyses of data collected within the framework of the “Common Rule(s)-Project”. Received: OctoAccepted: JPublished: July 30, 2020Ĭopyright: © 2020 Forsman et al. Aldrich, Indiana State University, UNITED STATES (2020) Eco-evolutionary perspectives on emergence, dispersion and dissolution of historical Dutch commons. It is argued that eco-evolutionary perspectives can further the understanding of the long-term dynamics of commons as institutions for collective action, vitalize future research, improve management of shared goods, and advise about sustainable utilization of finite resources.Ĭitation: Forsman A, De Moor T, van Weeren R, Bravo G, Ghorbani A, Ale Ebrahim Dehkordi M, et al. There was a weak positive relationship between the use of multiple resources and the lifespan of commons, resembling associations between diversity and persistence seen in biological systems. Despite internal and external pressures, the self-governing commons studied here were very successful, in the sense that they persisted for on average >350 years. The spatiotemporal dynamics of commons also pointed to important roles of social, economic and political factors, such as new reclamations of resources and pressure on resources due to population growth. Temporal trends in number, spatial distribution, density, and dispersion of historical commons were distinctive and resembled developments seen at the levels of species and individuals in the growth of biological communities and populations, in that they showed signs of saturation determined by the abundance and distribution of resources. Dissolutions of commons were rare prior to 1800 and peaked around 1850, comparable to a mass extinction in biology. Analyses of > 400 Dutch commons over more than a millennium (between the 9 th and the 20 th century) uncovered that most commons originated between 12, and that there was a particularly high rate of evolution during 1300–1550, a pattern intermediate to gradualism and punctuated equilibrium in biological evolution. We apply an interdisciplinary approach and address these issues from an eco-evolutionary perspective.
#Clumped dispersio drivers#
Despite growing scientific interests, analyses of commons evolution and temporal dynamics are rare and drivers of change (birth, adaptation, dissolution) remain obscure. Historical commons represent self-governed governance regimes that regulate the use and management of natural and man-made shared resources.